Infinitive/Gerund

Infinitives and gerunds are two types of verb forms that play crucial roles in English grammar. An infinitive is the "to" form of the verb, while a gerund is a verb ending in "-ing" that functions as a noun. Understanding when to use each can help you construct sentences more accurately and fluidly.

What is an Infinitive?

Infinitives are the base form of a verb preceded by "to." They can be used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs in a sentence.

Uses of Infinitives

1. As a Subject

• Example: To read is to learn.

2. As an Object

• Example: I love to dance.

3. To Express Purpose

• Example: She went to the store to buy groceries.

4. After Adjectives

• Example: It’s easy to make mistakes.

5. With Certain Verbs

• Example: She hopes to travel next year.

What is a Gerund?

Gerunds are verbs ending in "-ing" that function as nouns. They are useful for talking about activities or actions as general concepts.

Uses of Gerunds

1. As a Subject

• Example: Swimming is good exercise.

2. As an Object

• Example: I enjoy cooking.

3. After Prepositions

• Example: She is good at painting.

4. After Certain Verbs

• Example: She dislikes waiting.

Key Differences Between Infinitives and Gerunds

When to Use Infinitives

• To express a purpose or intention.
• After certain verbs that are followed directly by an infinitive (e.g., agree to, decide to, hope to).
• After adjectives.

When to Use Gerunds

• When a verb acts as a subject or object in a sentence.
• After prepositions.
• After certain verbs that are followed by a gerund (e.g., enjoy, avoid, consider).

Common Mistakes

• Incorrect Verb Form After Verbs: Some verbs are followed by gerunds, while others are followed by infinitives. Confusing these can lead to grammatical errors.

  • Incorrect: She suggested to meet at noon.
  • Correct: She suggested meeting at noon.

• Using Infinitive Instead of Gerund After Prepositions: Only gerunds can follow prepositions, not infinitives.

  • Incorrect: She is interested to learn more about it.
  • Correct: She is interested in learning more about it.

Conclusion

Mastering the use of infinitives and gerunds allows you to discuss actions and ideas more flexibly and accurately. They each have unique roles in the structure of a sentence, and understanding these roles helps in improving both written and spoken English proficiency.